How to deal with wall damp

　　由于膩?zhàn)邮菈A性的，水后會(huì)是堿性的，墻面干燥后輕易出現(xiàn)黃色痕跡，尤其是墻面干燥、潮濕接縫時(shí)，痕跡更明顯。

　　Because putty is alkaline, it will be alkaline after water, and yellow traces will easily appear after the wall is dry, especially when the wall is dry and wet, the traces are most obvious.

　　現(xiàn)在施工多采用防霉膩?zhàn)?，墻面吸水后一般不?huì)發(fā)霉。

　　Now, anti mildew putty is widely used in construction. Generally, the wall will not get moldy after absorbing water.

　　1、瓷磚受潮變色處理

　　1. Treatment of tile discoloration due to moisture

　　瓷磚受潮后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生顏色變化，顏色會(huì)變暗，但不會(huì)變顏色;瓷磚干燥后，可以恢復(fù)原來的顏色。

　　When the tile is damp, it will produce color change, and the color will be dark, but it will not change color; when the tile is dry, it can restore the original color.

　　2、壁紙潮濕處理

　　2. Wet treatment of wallpaper

　　貼壁紙的墻面受潮后，壁紙就有可能變得翹曲、變形和變色。而乳膠漆墻面不同，裝修壁紙墻面對(duì)溫濕度沒有什么要求，但裝修破壞壁紙墻面必然產(chǎn)生色差，建議整體更換墻面壁紙。在修補(bǔ)壁紙墻面時(shí)，將損壞的壁紙撕掉后直接刷一層壁紙膠，粘貼壁紙即可。

　　When the wall with wallpaper is damp, the wallpaper may become warped, deformed and discolored. But the emulsion paint wall is different, the decoration wallpaper wall has no requirements for temperature and humidity, but the decoration damage wallpaper wall will inevitably produce color difference, so it is recommended to replace the wall wallpaper as a whole. When repairing the wallpaper wall, tear off the damaged wallpaper and directly brush a layer of wallpaper adhesive, then paste the wallpaper.

　　具體堿度原因及處理方法

　　Specific alkalinity reason and treatment method

　　在建筑工程中，混凝土的主要成分是弱酸強(qiáng)堿鹽，這種材料遇水后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，形成游離鈣、硅酸鹽和碳酸鹽等鹽材料?；炷猎谥虚g有一個(gè)差距,隨著時(shí)間的推移,水?dāng)y帶的鹽混凝土材料在混凝土表面移動(dòng),游離鈣、硅酸鹽和碳酸鹽蒸發(fā)鹽材料后,將結(jié)晶成白色粉末晶體,晶體的一部分,然后與空氣中的二氧化碳反應(yīng),凝結(jié)成白色塊狀物在混凝土的表面,這是通常被稱為“具體FanJian”。

　　In the construction engineering, the main component of concrete is weak acid and strong alkali salt. When this material meets water, it will produce chemical reaction and form free calcium, silicate, carbonate and other salt materials. There is a gap between the concrete and the concrete. Over time, the salt concrete material carried by water moves on the concrete surface. After the free calcium, silicate and carbonate evaporate the salt material, it will crystallize into a white powder crystal, a part of the crystal, and then react with the carbon dioxide in the air to condense into a white block on the concrete surface, which is usually called "specific Fan Jian".

　　雖然混凝土是非常普遍的現(xiàn)象，但一旦混凝土出現(xiàn)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)負(fù)面影響:

　　Although concrete is a very common phenomenon, once concrete appears, there will be two negative effects:

　　一是減少了混凝土中的鹽，形成了堿度，這部分混凝土的鋼筋會(huì)開始腐蝕。

　　One is to reduce the salt in the concrete and form the alkalinity, and the reinforcement of this part of the concrete will start to corrode.

　　第二部分是堿度發(fā)生的地方，堿度通常是由水分或滲漏引起的，導(dǎo)致過量的水流動(dòng)并除去鹽分。

　　The second part is the place where alkalinity occurs. Alkalinity is usually caused by water or leakage, causing excessive water flow and removing salt.

　　1、混凝土易出現(xiàn)堿性條件的現(xiàn)象

　　1. The phenomenon of alkali condition in concrete

　　(1)水泥質(zhì)量問題。如果混凝土是由純波特蘭水泥和普通波特蘭水泥制成，大量的氫氧化鈣被水帶到混凝土表面形成堿。

　　(1) Cement quality problems. If the concrete is made of pure Portland cement and ordinary portland cement, a large amount of calcium hydroxide is carried to the concrete surface by water to form alkali.

　　(2)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。如果混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)過于松散而不緊密，那么混凝土內(nèi)部的水很容易滲透到外部，也會(huì)造成堿度。

　　(2) Concrete structure. If the concrete structure is too loose and not tight, the water inside the concrete is easy to penetrate to the outside, which will also cause alkalinity.

　　2. 如何防止混凝土返堿

　　2. How to prevent concrete from alkali return

　　(1)中和混凝土中多余的鹽。

　　(1) Neutralize excess salt in concrete.

　　施工過程中，在混凝土中加入粉煤灰、礦粉、硅灰等活性外加劑。這些物質(zhì)將與水泥中的鹽發(fā)生二次反應(yīng)，將氫氧化鈣轉(zhuǎn)化為硅酸鈣凝膠，使它們?cè)诒砻嫦?ldquo;游動(dòng)”?；蛑苯邮褂脧?fù)合水泥。

　　In the process of construction, fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume and other active admixtures are added to the concrete. These substances will react with the salts in cement for the two time, transforming calcium hydroxide into calcium silicate gel, enabling them to swim under the surface. Or use composite cement directly.

　　(2)降低混凝土的滲透性。

　　(2) Reduce the permeability of concrete.

　　為了降低水泥的滲透性，可以使用一些防水劑。

　　In order to reduce the permeability of cement, some waterproof agents can be used.

　　3.混凝土退堿處理

　　3. Alkali removal of concrete

　　對(duì)于已經(jīng)有堿度現(xiàn)象的水泥所，要先重新清理治理(如堿度的墻面不處理，以后的涂料層輕易起殼、脫落)?；炷翂A度低，如外墻滲水，需涂一層防水材料。對(duì)于已經(jīng)堿性的混凝土墻，先用硬毛刷(必須是干毛刷，用酸洗或中和也不可能完全除去)多刷幾次，清洗干凈;然后刮層膩?zhàn)拥?，配料為建筑白水泥、膩?zhàn)臃酆蚃S防水材料;之后才能按照正常的流程進(jìn)行裝修。

　　For the cement place with alkalinity, it is necessary to clean up and treat it again first (for example, the wall with alkalinity is not treated, and the coating layer will easily shell and fall off later). The alkalinity of concrete is low. If the exterior wall seeps, a layer of waterproof material shall be applied. For the alkaline concrete wall, first use a hard brush (it must be a dry brush, which can not be completely removed by pickling or neutralization) for several times, and clean it; then scrape the bottom of the first layer of putty, which is made of building white cement, putty powder and JS waterproof material; after that, the decoration can be carried out according to the normal process.

　　(1)先用硬毛刷清潔水泥表面;高壓水槍可以用在頑固的地方。對(duì)于不溶于水的物質(zhì)，要用稀釋后的弱酸清洗，如5~10%的鹽酸溶液。使用弱酸溶液時(shí)，注意保護(hù)干凈的墻面不受酸性物質(zhì)的侵蝕。

　　(1) Clean the cement surface with a hard brush first; high pressure water gun can be used in stubborn places. For water-insoluble substances, dilute them with weak acid, such as 5-10% hydrochloric acid solution. When using weak acid solution, pay attention to protect the clean wall from the erosion of acid substances.

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