外墻膩?zhàn)臃哿鸭y裂縫的產(chǎn)生主要來自“內(nèi)因”和“外因”兩個方面，“內(nèi)因”方面解決辦法主要集中在產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和原材料的技術(shù)性能上，“外因”方面相對要復(fù)雜些，涉及到建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、施工工藝與技術(shù)水平、工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督與管理、自然環(huán)境狀況等多方面。

The occurrence of cracks in exterior wall putty powder mainly comes from two aspects: "internal factors" and "external factors". The solutions for "internal factors" mainly focus on the production of products and the technical performance of raw materials, while the "external factors" are relatively more complex, involving various aspects such as building structure design, construction technology and technical level, engineering quality supervision and management, and natural environmental conditions.

一、聚合物抹面砂漿、水泥類膩?zhàn)拥姆懒研裕攸c(diǎn)在原材料的選擇上，選用優(yōu)質(zhì)的原材料、充分認(rèn)識和了解各種原輔材料性質(zhì)與作用機(jī)理，科學(xué)配方，選用功能性強(qiáng)的、性能穩(wěn)定可靠的優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，能較好地預(yù)防裂縫的產(chǎn)生。

1、 The crack resistance of polymer plastering mortar and cement putty focuses on the selection of raw materials. High quality raw materials are selected, and the properties and mechanisms of various raw and auxiliary materials are fully understood. Scientific formulas are used, and high-quality products with strong functionality, stable and reliable performance are selected to effectively prevent the occurrence of cracks.

二、建筑設(shè)計特別是外墻保溫構(gòu)造設(shè)計上應(yīng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，應(yīng)充分考慮地基沉降、抗震、抗風(fēng)壓、應(yīng)力釋放、環(huán)境影響等問題。

2、 Architectural design, especially the exterior wall insulation structure design, should be rigorous and fully consider issues such as foundation settlement, earthquake resistance, wind pressure resistance, stress release, and environmental impact.

三、施工工藝上，為避免抹面砂漿、外墻膩?zhàn)赢a(chǎn)生較大的干縮力，每次刮抹均應(yīng)宜薄不宜厚，抹面砂漿每次刮抹不超過2.5MM層厚，外墻膩?zhàn)用看喂文ú怀^1MM層厚。

3、 In terms of construction technology, in order to avoid significant drying shrinkage caused by plastering mortar and exterior wall putty, each scraping should be thin rather than thick. The plastering mortar should not exceed a layer thickness of 2.5mm each time, and the exterior wall putty should not exceed a layer thickness of 1mm each time.

四、外墻保溫層的設(shè)計與施工均未考慮到保溫層內(nèi)應(yīng)力的釋放問題，整個墻面從上至下幾層、幾十層樓高一氣呵成，沒有設(shè)計伸縮縫，一旦產(chǎn)生較大的應(yīng)力，整個保溫層乃抹面砂漿、外墻膩?zhàn)印⑼苛蠈泳蜁豢杀苊猱a(chǎn)生裂縫。

4、 The design and construction of the external wall insulation layer did not take into account the issue of stress release inside the insulation layer. The entire wall is several floors from top to bottom, dozens of floors high, and there are no expansion joints designed. Once significant stress is generated, cracks will inevitably occur in the entire insulation layer, including the plastering mortar, external wall putty, and coating layer.

五、干混抹面砂漿、外墻膩?zhàn)踊虺Ｓ盟嘀胁灰诉^量、過多使用聚乙烯醇類、乳膠類等封閉性很強(qiáng)的膠粘劑，此類膠粘劑能迅速成膜和封閉水泥微孔，并加劇水泥產(chǎn)生干縮力，形成“硬殼”現(xiàn)象，與基層形成較大的強(qiáng)度差，即面層強(qiáng)度大大超過基層強(qiáng)度，容易造成龜裂、空鼓、脫落。此外，水泥砂漿微孔一旦被完全封閉，這不僅會影響水泥充分水化、而且會使水泥砂漿喪失“自由呼吸”和自養(yǎng)護(hù)功能，墻體中不良成份不能隨水份通過微細(xì)孔淅出，墻體使用壽命就會較差。

5、 Excessive use of strong sealing adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol and latex should not be used in dry mix mortar, exterior wall putty, or commonly used cement. These adhesives can quickly form a film and seal cement micropores, exacerbate the drying shrinkage force of cement, form a "hard shell" phenomenon, and form a significant strength difference with the base layer. That is, the strength of the surface layer greatly exceeds the strength of the base layer, which is prone to cracking, hollowing, and peeling. In addition, once the micropores of cement mortar are completely sealed, it will not only affect the full hydration of cement, but also cause the cement mortar to lose its "free breathing" and self curing function. Poor components in the wall cannot be separated with water through the micro pores, and the service life of the wall will be poor.

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