根據(jù)功能的差異，抹面砂漿可劃分為普通抹面砂漿、裝飾砂漿以及具有特殊功能的抹面砂漿三大類(lèi)。?

According to functional differences, plastering mortar can be divided into three categories: ordinary plastering mortar, decorative mortar, and plastering mortar with special functions. ?

普通抹面砂漿：作為建筑工程中用量最大的抹灰砂漿，普通抹面砂漿主要功能是保護(hù)墻體、地面等結(jié)構(gòu)，使其免受風(fēng)雨、有害雜質(zhì)的侵蝕，增強(qiáng)防潮、防腐蝕、抗風(fēng)化能力，延長(zhǎng)建筑物的使用壽命。同時(shí)，讓建筑表面達(dá)到平整、清潔和美觀的效果。在不同的基層上，所選用的普通抹面砂漿也有區(qū)別。用于磚墻的底層抹灰，由于石灰砂漿和易性好、成本低，所以較為常用；用于板條墻或板條頂棚的底層抹灰，考慮到與基層的粘結(jié)性和防止開(kāi)裂，多用混合砂漿或石灰砂漿；混凝土墻、梁、柱、頂板等底層抹灰，多用混合砂漿、麻刀石灰漿或紙筋石灰漿 。?

Ordinary plastering mortar: As the largest amount of plastering mortar used in construction projects, the main function of ordinary plastering mortar is to protect structures such as walls and floors from wind, rain, and harmful impurities, enhance moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, and weathering resistance, and extend the service life of buildings. At the same time, achieve a flat, clean, and aesthetically pleasing surface of the building. The choice of ordinary plastering mortar varies on different substrates. Used for plastering the bottom layer of brick walls, lime mortar is commonly used due to its good workability and low cost; It is used for the bottom plastering of Flat noodles walls or Flat noodles ceilings. In consideration of the cohesiveness with the base course and the prevention of cracking, mixed mortar or lime mortar is often used; The bottom plastering of concrete walls, beams, columns, ceilings, etc. is often done using mixed mortar, hemp knife lime slurry, or paper reinforced lime slurry. ?

裝飾砂漿：裝飾砂漿的獨(dú)特之處在于直接應(yīng)用于建筑物內(nèi)外表面，以提升建筑物裝飾藝術(shù)性為主要目標(biāo)。它的底層和中層抹灰與普通抹面砂漿基本一致，重點(diǎn)在于面層。面層通過(guò)選用帶有顏色的膠凝材料，如白水泥、彩色水泥，或者在常用水泥中摻加耐堿礦物顏料配成彩色水泥，搭配大理石、花崗巖等帶顏色的細(xì)石渣或玻璃、陶瓷碎粒等骨料，再結(jié)合特殊的操作工藝，能夠呈現(xiàn)出豐富多彩的色彩、線條與花紋等裝飾效果，為建筑增添獨(dú)特魅力。?

Decorative mortar: The unique feature of decorative mortar lies in its direct application to the interior and exterior surfaces of buildings, with the main goal of enhancing the decorative artistry of buildings. Its bottom and middle plastering are basically the same as ordinary plastering mortar, with a focus on the surface layer. The surface layer can be decorated with rich and colorful colors, lines, and patterns by selecting colored cementitious materials such as white cement, colored cement, or adding alkali resistant mineral pigments to commonly used cement to form colored cement, combined with colored fine stone slag such as marble and granite, glass, ceramic fragments, and other aggregates, and combined with special operating techniques, adding unique charm to the building. ?

特殊功能抹面砂漿?

Special function plastering mortar

防水砂漿：防水砂漿具有較高的抗?jié)B性，其防水層又被稱(chēng)為剛性防水層。它適用于混凝土或磚石砌體等具有一定剛度且不受震動(dòng)的表面。防水砂漿按組成可分為多層抹面水泥砂漿、摻防水劑防水砂漿、膨脹水泥防水砂漿和摻聚合物防水砂漿四類(lèi)。常用的防水劑包括氯化物金屬鹽類(lèi)、水玻璃類(lèi)和金屬皂類(lèi)等。施工時(shí)，防水砂漿層一般分四層或五層進(jìn)行涂抹，每層厚度約 5mm，每層在初凝前需壓實(shí)一遍，最后一層要進(jìn)行壓光處理。施工完成后，加強(qiáng)養(yǎng)護(hù)十分關(guān)鍵，避免脫水過(guò)快引發(fā)干裂，以確保砂漿的密實(shí)性，實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的防水效果。?

Waterproof mortar: Waterproof mortar has high impermeability, and its waterproof layer is also known as a rigid waterproof layer. It is suitable for surfaces such as concrete or masonry that have a certain degree of stiffness and are not subject to vibration. Waterproof mortar can be divided into four categories based on its composition: multi-layer plastering cement mortar, waterproof mortar mixed with waterproofing agent, expansion cement waterproof mortar, and waterproof mortar mixed with polymer. Common waterproofing agents include chloride metal salts, water glass, and metal soaps. During construction, the waterproof mortar layer is generally applied in four or five layers, with a thickness of about 5mm per layer. Each layer needs to be compacted once before initial setting, and the last layer needs to be polished. After the construction is completed, it is crucial to strengthen maintenance to avoid rapid dehydration and cracking, in order to ensure the compactness of the mortar and achieve good waterproof effect. ?

保溫砂漿：保溫砂漿，也叫絕熱砂漿，一般由水泥、石灰和石膏等膠凝材料與膨脹珍珠巖、膨脹蛭石、陶砂等輕質(zhì)多孔骨料按特定比例配制而成。它具有輕質(zhì)、保溫隔熱、吸聲等特性，導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)通常在 0.07~0.10W/(m?K)，常被用于屋面保溫層、保溫墻壁以及供熱管道保溫層等部位。像水泥膨脹珍珠砂漿、水泥膨脹蛭石砂漿和水泥石灰膨脹蛭石砂漿等都是常見(jiàn)的保溫砂漿類(lèi)型。隨著建筑節(jié)能要求的不斷提高，新型保溫材料不斷涌現(xiàn)，如 EPS（聚苯乙烯）顆粒保溫砂漿，采用分層抹灰工藝，最大厚度可達(dá) 100mm，具有良好的保溫、隔熱、阻燃和耐久性能。?

Thermal insulation mortar: Thermal insulation mortar, also known as thermal insulation mortar, is generally prepared by mixing cementitious materials such as cement, lime, and gypsum with lightweight porous aggregates such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, and ceramic sand in specific proportions. It has the characteristics of lightweight, thermal insulation, sound absorption, etc. Its thermal conductivity is usually between 0.07~0.10W/(m · K), and it is often used for roof insulation, insulation walls, and heating pipeline insulation. Cement expanded pearl mortar, cement expanded vermiculite mortar, and cement lime expanded vermiculite mortar are common types of insulation mortar. With the continuous improvement of building energy-saving requirements, new insulation materials continue to emerge, such as EPS (polystyrene) particle insulation mortar, which adopts layered plastering technology and has a maximum thickness of up to 100mm, with good insulation, heat insulation, flame retardancy and durability performance. ?

吸聲砂漿：一般由輕質(zhì)多孔骨料制成的絕熱砂漿大多具備吸聲性能。此外，還可以通過(guò)特定配合比來(lái)配制吸聲砂漿，如用水泥、石膏、砂、鋸末按體積比 1:1:3:5 配制，或者在石灰、石膏砂漿中摻入玻璃纖維和礦棉等松軟纖維材料。吸聲砂漿主要用于室內(nèi)墻壁和平頂，能夠有效吸收聲音，降低室內(nèi)噪音，改善聲學(xué)環(huán)境。?

Sound absorbing mortar: Generally, insulation mortar made of lightweight porous aggregates mostly has sound absorbing properties. In addition, sound-absorbing mortar can be prepared by specific mix proportions, such as using cement, gypsum, sand, and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1:1:3:5, or adding soft fiber materials such as glass fiber and mineral wool to lime and gypsum mortar. Acoustic mortar is mainly used for indoor walls and ceilings, which can effectively absorb sound, reduce indoor noise, and improve the acoustic environment. ?

耐酸砂漿：耐酸砂漿通常是將水玻璃（硅酸鈉）與氟硅酸鈉混合，并可根據(jù)需要摻入石英巖、花崗巖、鑄石等粉狀細(xì)骨料制成。水玻璃硬化后具備出色的耐酸性能，因此耐酸砂漿多用作襯砌材料、耐酸地面和耐酸容器的內(nèi)壁防護(hù)層，以抵御酸性物質(zhì)的侵蝕 。

Acid resistant mortar: Acid resistant mortar is usually made by mixing sodium silicate with sodium fluorosilicate, and adding powdered fine aggregates such as quartzite, granite, and cast stone as needed. After hardening, water glass has excellent acid resistance, so acid resistant mortar is often used as lining material, acid resistant floor, and inner wall protective layer of acid resistant containers to resist the erosion of acidic substances.

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